Authors: Pyykkö, Maire & Hämet-Ahti, Leena
Journal: Karstenia, Volume 20 (1980), Issue 1, pages 28-32.
Doi: https://doi.org/10.29203/ka.1980.194
Full text: PDF

Abstract:  Sclerotinia pirolae Grosse (Ascomycetes: Helotiales), an ovaricolous, sclerotiaforming fungus, is reported as new to Finland on Pyrola chlorantha Swartz, P. media Swartz, P. minor L., P. minor x norvegica, P. minor x rotundifolia, P. norvegica
Knaben and P. rotundifolia L. It has also been found on P. minor x norvegica and P. norvegica from the adjacent Soviet Karelia. No ascocarps were discovered, but its sclerotial morphology suggests that the species probably belongs to the genus Monilinia Honey. The sclerotial stroma includes suscept tissues of the host and is of the hollowspheroid type characteristic of Monilinia. The sclerotial ontogeny of the species is described and illustrated.

Authors: Korhonen, Kari
Journal: Karstenia, Volume 20 (1980), Issue 1, pages 23-27.
Doi: https://doi.org/10.29203/ka.1980.193
Full text: PDF

Abstract:  In the laboratory diploid pure cultures of A. ostoyae Romagn. produce fruit bodies with clampless basidia, whereas the natural fruit bodies of this species have basidia with a basal clamp. In nature the basidia develop from dikaryotic subhymenial cells with haploid nuclei and two nuclei fuse in the basidium. In pure culture the basidia develop from uninucleate diploid cells and no fusion of nuclei takes place in the basidium. Reduction of genetic material in fruit body primordia apparently precedes the development of subhymenial hyphae in nature. Such reduction does not take place in pure culture.

Authors: Korhonen, Kari & Hintikka, Veikko
Journal: Karstenia, Volume 20 (1980), Issue 1, pages 19-22.
Doi: https://doi.org/10.29203/ka.1980.192
Full text: PDF

Abstract: Methods are described for isolation of single spores, spore tetrads, and hyphal cells, and rapid inoculation of fungal cultures in mating experiments. The instruments used are simple and are made in the laboratory.

Authors: Ulvinen, Tauno
Journal: Karstenia, Volume 20 (1980), Issue 1, pages 16-18.
Doi: https://doi.org/10.29203/ka.1980.191
Full text: PDF

Abstract: Urocystis carcinodes (Berk. & Curt.) Fisch. v. Waldh. was found on Actaea spicala L. in northern Finland. The taxonomy and distribution of the fungus are discussed. Without infection experiments it is hardly possible to decide whether the smut on Cimicijuga (U. carcinodes s. str.) and the smut on Actaea, referred to U. ferrarisiana (Ciferri) Zundel, are different species.

Authors: Niemelä, Tuomo
Journal: Karstenia, Volume 20 (1980), Issue 1, pages 1-15.
Doi: https://doi.org/10.29203/ka.1980.190
Full text: PDF

Abstract: Descriptions are given of the two species of Pycnoporellus occurring in Fennoscandia, P. alboluteus (Ell. & Ev.) Kotl. & Pouz. and P. fulgens (Fr.) Donk. Their distributions in North Europe are mapped, and their world distributions reviewed. Their ecology, phenology, host relationships, and cultural and microscopical characters are discussed. Great variability exists in the microscopical characters of both species. P. alboluteus is very rare in North Europe, where it has been recorded from only two localities in northern Finland, on Picea abies and once on Alnus incana. P. fulgens is rare and south-eastern in distribution, being known from four Swedish localities and several localities in southern Finland and the adjacent U.S.S.R., mostly on Picea abies, but also on Pinus sylvestris, Populus tremula and Betula. Study of the types indicates that the names Irpex woronowii Bres. and Lenzites sepiaria var. dentifera Peck are synonymous with P. alboluteus, and that Ochroporus lithuanicus Byonski (type selected), Polyporus aurantiacus Peck and P. fibrillosus Karst. are synonymous with P. fulgens. The taxonomic position of the genus Pycnoporellus is discussed.

Authors: Hintikka, Veikko & Korhonen, Kari & Näykki, Ossi
Journal: Karstenia, Volume 19 (1979), Issue 2, pages 58-64.
Doi: https://doi.org/10.29203/ka.1979.189
Full text: PDF

Abstract:  Substantial quantities of calcium oxalate annually reach the ground with the forest litter, primarily in the form of calcium oxalate monohydrate. More calcium oxalate is produced by soil fungi, in the form of both monohydrate and dihydrate. The quantities of calcium bound in calcium oxalate are notably high in litter as compared with the amounts of exchangeable calcium. In the case of humus, on the other hand, the corresponding proportion is usually small because oxalate breaks down rather rapidly in the soil. For some reason, however, it seems that calcium oxalate accumulates to a much greater extent in white rot than in brown rot. Despite the fact that a large number of basidiomycetous fungi are capable of using oxalate, they seem to be of only minor importance in the break-down of calcium oxalate.

Authors: Mäkelä, Kaiho
Journal: Karstenia, Volume 19 (1979), Issue 2, pages 54-57.
Doi: https://doi.org/10.29203/ka.1979.188
Full text: PDF

Abstract: The material consisted of 1035 samples of ripening cereals gathered from 119 1ocalities in southern Finland and 32 samples of Agropyron repens. Wojnowicia graminis (Me Alp.) Sacc. & D. Sacc. (Deuteromycotina: Sphaeropsidales) was found in 32 cereal samples from 22 localities. The fungus was fairly common on Triticum aestivum (winter wheat), in frequent on Secale cereale and Hordeum vulgare, and absent from Avena sativa. It was recorded on six samples of Agropyron repens from six localities. W. graminis causes symptoms resembling the take-all caused by Gaeumannomyces graminis (Sacc.) Arx & Olivier. In fields in southern Finland, W. graminis appears to be rather rare, sparse and of negligible pathogenic importance.

Authors: Harmaja, Harri
Journal: Karstenia, Volume 19 (1979), Issue 2, pages 52-53.
Doi: https://doi.org/10.29203/ka.1979.187
Full text: PDF

Abstract:  The rare Agaricus pictus Fr. (Agaricales, Tricholomataceae) has been found by the author for the first time in Finland, in some southern localities. Its main characters are briefly described, and the new combination Mycena picta (Fr.) Harmaja is made.

Authors: Harmaja, Harri
Journal: Karstenia, Volume 19 (1979), Issue 2, pages 50-51.
Doi: https://doi.org/10.29203/ka.1979.186
Full text: PDF

Abstract:  The author has scrutinized the holotypes of Agaricus anisarius Peck, A. carnosior Peck, Clitocybe phyllophiloides Peck, C. pusilla Peck, C. schulmannii Harmaja, and C. subfumosa Bigelow. The three first-named are synonymous with other agaric species, while the last three are valid but are excluded from Clitocybe (Fr.) Staude. The following new combinations are made: Calocybe pusilla (Peck) Harmaja, Lyophyllum schulmannii (Harmaja) Harmaja, and Omphalina subfumosa (Bigelow) Harmaja.

Authors: Harmaja, Harri
Journal: Karstenia, Volume 19 (1979), Issue 2, pages 46-49.
Doi: https://doi.org/10.29203/ka.1979.185
Full text: PDF

Abstract:  The study confirms the existence of apparently genetic variation in the size, shape, perisporium prominence, and oil drop size of the spores of what currently passes as Gyromitra esculenta (Pers.) Fr. (Pezizales: Helvellaceae). The material comprised a considerable part of the Finnish collections of G. esculenta and some from outside Finland. Three types of specimens, obviously representing different races or species, could be distinguished on the basis of the spore characters. One of these types apparently corresponds to the true G. esculenta, another to G. splendida Raitv. If G. esculenta needs to be split at the species level, several old specific epithets are available. The taxon named G. splendida is reported for the first time from Finland, Soviet Karelia, and North America (Michigan).
Type material of Paxina recurvum Snyder, which was recently transferred to Gyromitra Fr. as G. recurva (Snyder) Harmaja, was examined. The apothecium shape and spore characters give this species a somewhat isolated position in the genus; it is best assigned to subg. Discina (Fr.) Harmaja. G. recurva is known only from a few localities in western North America.