Authors: Huhtinen, Seppo
Journal: Karstenia, Volume 29 (1989), Issue 2, pages 45-252.
Doi: https://doi.org/10.29203/ka.1989.274
Full text: PDF

Abstract:  The genera Hyaloscypha Boud., Phialina Höhnel and Hamatocanthoscypha Svr. are monographed on a world basis. Hyaloscypha, with 27 recognized taxa, is circumscribed to contain whitish and mostly lignicolous species with tapering and aseptate hairs. Dextrinoid reactions, hair vesture and ascal development are shown to be important diagnostic characters. Two subgenera are recognized within Hyaloscypha. Seven new species are described: H. britannica Huhtinen, H. diabolica Huhtinen, H. epiporia Huhtinen, H. latispora Huhtinen, H. nipponica Huhtinen, H. strobilicola Huhtinen, and H. usitata Huhtinen. A new variety is published in Hyaloscypha secalina Velen. A new name, H. occulta Huhtinen, is proposed for H. parvula Arendh. & R. Sharma. The following new combinations are made: Hyaloscypha albohyalina (P. Karst.) Boud. var. spiralis (Velen.) Huhtinen (Chrysothallus s.), H. albohyalina var. tigillaris (P. Karst) Huhtinen (Peziza t.), Hyaloscypha fuckelii Nannf. var. alniseda (Velen.) Huhtinen (Hyaloscypha a.), Hyaloscypha leuconica (Cooke in Stevenson) Nannf. var. bulbopilosa (Feltg.) Huhtinen (Dasyscypha hamata var. b.), Hyaloscypha querciola (Velen.) Huhtinen (Uncinia q.) and Hyaloscypha aureliella (Nyl.) Huhtinen (Peziza a.). The genus Phialina, with eight recognized species, is circumscribed to contain foliicolous and herbicolous taxa with yellow pigment inside the paraphyses and the tapering and often septate hairs. Presence of croziers and lack of dextrinoid reaction are also stressed at the generic level. One new species, P. setiigera Huhtinen is described. The following new combinations are made: Phialina lachnobrachyoides (Raitv.) Huhtinen (Phialoscypha l.), Phialina foliicola (Graddon) Huhtinen (Uncinia f). A new name, Phialina pusilla Huhtinen, is proposed for Hyaloscypha pusilla Arendh. & R. Sharma. The genus Hamatocanthoscypha, with 10 recognized taxa, is delimited to comprise mostly white to coloured, stipitate inhabitants of litter. The hairs are typically cylindrical-tapering and uncinate. Three new species are described: Hamatocanthoscypha helicotricha Huhtinen, H. obsoleta Huhtinen and H. ocellata Huhtinen. The following new combinations are made: Hamatocanthoscypha melanabasis (Arendh. & R. Sharma) Huhtinen (Debaryoscyphus m.), Hamatocanthoscypha laricionis (Velen.) Svr. var. dryopteridis (Bøhler) Huhtinen (Hyaloscypha d.), Hamatocanthoscypha uncipila (Le Gal) Huhtinen (Hyaloscypha u.), HamatocanJhoscypha uncinata (Phill.) Huhtinen (Peziza u.), Hamatocanthoscypha uncinata var. phaeotricha (K. Holm & L. Holm) Huhtinen (Unciniella laricionis (Velen.) K. Holm & L. Holm var. p.), and Hamatocanthoscypha laricionis var. minutissima (Velen.) Huhtinen (Uncinia m.). Of the 137 excluded taxa, Phialina montana Raitv. and Pezizella myriadea Mouton are combined with Calycellina Hohnel and Hyaloscypha sulfurina Dennis with Trichopeziza Mont & Dur. The pattern of variation in the taxa studied is illustrated in detail. Sporograms and frequency distribution curves are provided for most taxa. Ascal and spore dimensions and shape are shown to be dependent on the reagent used. The taxonomic status of 15 closely related genera is treated.
Cheiromycella microscopica (P. Karst.) Hughes is shown to be the anamorphous state of Hyaloscypha aureliella (H. stevensonii (Berk. & Broome) Nannf.). A phialidic anamorph characterizes the type variety of Hamatocanthoscypha laricionis (Velen.) Svr. and H. uncipila. An immature, dematiaceous anamorph developed in cultures of Phialina lachnobrachya (Desm.) Raitv.

Authors: Setälä, Annamaija & Nuorteva, Pekka
Journal: Karstenia, Volume 29 (1989), Issue 1, pages 37-44.
Doi: https://doi.org/10.29203/ka.1989.273
Full text: PDF
Key words: Al, Cd, Cu, Fe, Fuligo septica, Hg, myxomycetes, slime mold, Zn

Abstract:  The metal contents of Fulico septica, seven other slime molds and two unidentified slime mold plasmodia were studied and compared with the levels in Vaccinium myrtillus leaves collected at the same time from the same place. The levels of Cd, Cu and especially Zn were generally far higher in the slime molds. The levels of Zn in Fulico septica were so high (4 000-20 000 ppm) that it is difficult to understand how a living organism can tolerate them. The levels of AI and Fe, on the other hand, were higher in V. myrtillus. This research underlines the importance of humus as a source of metals for the organisms living in it. It also shows simultaneous peak occurrence of the useful micronutrients Cu and Zn and the toxic Cd, to which the former seems to be antagonistic. The main value of this material is that it provides information for future work.

Authors: Heliövaara, Kari & Väisänen, Rauno & Uotila, Antti
Journal: Karstenia, Volume 29 (1989), Issue 1, pages 29-36.
Doi: https://doi.org/10.29203/ka.1989.272
Full text: PDF

Abstract:  The abundance of Lophodermium species on Pinus sylvestris was studied in the surroundings of the industrial town Harjavalta in southwestern Finland. The hysterothecia production of these ascomycete species in litter needles was related to the distance from the factory complex producing copper, nickel, sulphuric acid and fertilizers, and to the chemical composition of living needles.
All the species suffered from a high level of industrial air pollution, being almost totally absent within 800 m of the factory complex. In most cases, the numbers of hysterothecia per needle correlated positively with the distance from the factory complex. Depending on the species, 5-48% of the variation of hysterothecia production could be explained by the concentrations of elements in living pine needles, the level of heavy metals playing a major role.

Authors: Niemelä, Tuomo & Saarenoksa, Reima
Journal: Karstenia, Volume 29 (1989), Issue 1, pages 12-28.
Doi: https://doi.org/10.29203/ka.1989.271
Full text: PDF

Abstract:  Two European species are accepted in the polypore genus Boletopsis: B. leucomelaena (Pers.) Fayod and B. grisea (Peck) Bond. & Sing. Both are described and a comparison is made of the best determinative characters. The nomenclature is discussed and some common misapplications reviewed. B. leucomelaena has dark-capped, fragile fruit bodies and grows predominantly in rich spruce forests. B. grisea is silvery grey to dirty grey-brown, fairly hard, but when fresh easily tom in a radial direction; it grows almost solely in poor dry pine heath forests. The distributions of both species in Norway, Sweden and Finland are summarized with abbreviated locality lists and distribution maps, and the total distributions are estimated on the basis of published photographs. B. leucomelaena, being the more southern of the two, is rare in Fennoscandia and may need some protection. The abundance of B. grisea varies greatly, depending on the weather in the growing season, but in suitable years it is locally common, especially in the north. Both species are illustrated with in situ colour photographs and microscopical drawings.

Authors: Błaszkowski, Janusz
Journal: Karstenia, Volume 29 (1989), Issue 1, pages 1-10.
Doi: https://doi.org/10.29203/ka.1989.270
Full text: PDF

Abstract:  The occurrence and distribution of four species of the Endogonaceae in Poland are described and illustrated. Entrophospora infrequens (Hall) Ames & Schn., Glomus caledonium (Nicol. & Gerd) Trappe & Gerd., and Scutellospora pellucida (Nicol. & Schenck) Walker & Sanders probably occur in the whole of Poland, but in low frequencies, and Acaulospora bireticulata Rothw. & Trappe seems to be a very rare species, having been found in only 2 of the 141 soil samples studied. G. caledonium is new to Poland and the other species were found for the first time in Europe.

Authors: Härkönen, Marja
Journal: Karstenia, Volume 28 (1988), Issue 2, pages 93-99.
Doi: https://doi.org/10.29203/ka.1988.269
Full text: PDF

Abstract:  Twelve species of Myxomycetes are reported from Finland for the first time: Amaurochaete tubulina (Alb. & Schw.) Macbr., Badhamia populina A. & G. Lister, Barbeyella minutissima Meylan, Cribraria macrocarpa Sch· ·d., C. minutissima Schw., Diderma trevelyani (Grev.) Fries, Hemitrichia calyculata (Speg.) M.L. Farr, Lepidoderma chailletii Rost., Licea parasitica (Zukal) G.W. Martin, Physarum murinum Lister, P. rigidum (G. Lister) G. Lister and Stemonaria irregularis (Rex) Nann.-Brem., Sharma & Yamam. A new variety for Finland is Trichia decipiens (Pers.) Macbr. var. olivacea Meylan. One of the 12 species, Physarum rigidum, is new to Fennoscandia.

Authors: He, Wei & Kurkela, Timo
Journal: Karstenia, Volume 28 (1988), Issue 2, pages 87-92.
Doi: https://doi.org/10.29203/ka.1988.268
Full text: PDF

Abstract:  The host range of Marssonina populi and M. castagnei, and the relative susceptibility of various poplars to these fungi, were determined through laboratory inoculation tests and a field study. Nine species or hybrids of Populus in sect. Aigeiros and Tacamahaca were found susceptible to M. populi, and five species or hybrids in section Populus (Leuce) proved to be susceptible to M. castagnei. The life cycle of M. populi was also studied. M. castagnei was recorded for the first time in Finland.

Authors: Vauras, Jukka
Journal: Karstenia, Volume 28 (1988), Issue 2, pages 79-86.
Doi: https://doi.org/10.29203/ka.1988.267
Full text: PDF

Abstract:  Two species in the section Calosporae are recognized in NW Europe: Inocybe calospora Quélet and I. multicoronata A. H. Smith. The species are described, illustrated and mapped, and their ecology and taxonomic relationships are discussed. I. multicoronata is reported as new to Europe, where it is known from one locality in Finland.

Authors: Kytövuori, Ilkka
Journal: Karstenia, Volume 28 (1988), Issue 2, pages 67-77.
Doi: https://doi.org/10.29203/ka.1988.266
Full text: PDF

Abstract:  Three species are recognized in the Tricholoma caligatum group in Europe: T. caligatum (Viv.) Ricken, T. nauseosum (Blytt) Kytöv., comb. nova, and T. dulciolens Kytöv., spec. nova. The first two species are also reported from North Africa. The East Asian T. matsutake (S. Ito & Imai) Singer is included in T. nauseosum, which is thus an edible fungus of major international interest. The distribution of each species in the study area is mapped, and their ecology and relationships are discussed.

Authors: Raudaskoski, Marjatta & Salo, Vanamo & Niini, Sara S.
Journal: Karstenia, Volume 28 (1988), Issue 1, pages 49-60.
Doi: https://doi.org/10.29203/ka.1988.265
Full text: PDF

Abstract:  The application of immunocytochemical and immunobiochemical research methods to fungi has showed that microtubules and microfilaments are common structural components in the hyphae. In eukaryotic organisms other than fungi, microtubules and microfilaments are known to be involved in a variety of motile intracellular processes, such as directed movement of cell organelles, and in mitosis. In long fungal cells with apical extension, the microtubules and microfilaments may serve as pathways and guiding elements for the movement of nuclei and mitochondria towards the apex and also for transport of material from the site of synthesis to the site of secretion at the hyphal apex. The cytoskeletal elements, especially microtubules, may also play an integral role in the reciprocal exchange and migration of nuclei associated with the sexual reproduction in higher fungi. Unlike other cell organelles, microtubules and microfilaments respond to extra- and intracellular changes by assembly and disassembly cycles, which may be reflected in the growth and morphology of the hyphae. This makes microtubules and microfilaments attractive candidates through which the regulation of growth and morphogenesis in fungal hyphae may take place.