Authors: Harmaja, Harri
Journal: Karstenia, Volume 17 (1977), Issue 1, pages 40-44.
Doi: https://doi.org/10.29203/ka.1977.123
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Abstract:  Contrary to the current concept, the type of Helvella solitario Karst. 1871 (Peziza solitario Karst. 1869, non Schwein. 1834) is shown to be conspecific with that of H. queletii Bres. 1882. The specific name given by Karsten has priority over the latter name, and is consequently the correct name for the species.
Part of the material treated under H. solitario by H. Dissing was, however, found not to be conspecific with the type. Such material turned out to represent a new species, which is described as Helvella conjusa Harmaja.
Some other synonymies in Helvella are presented and corrected.

Authors: Niemelä, Tuomo & Uotila, Pertti
Journal: Karstenia, Volume 17 (1977), Issue 1, pages 33-39.
Doi: https://doi.org/10.29203/ka.1977.122
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Abstract:  Thirty-two species of Aphyllophorales, consisting of polypores, stereoid Corticiaceae and Schizophyllaceae, are reported from Turkey and Iran. The most notable finds are Stereum gausapatum (Fr.) Fr., S. insignitum Quél., Coltricia spathulata (Hook.) Murr., Phellinus tremulae (Bond.) Bond. & Borisov, Fistulina hepatica Fr., Daedaleopsis confragosa (Fr.) J. Schroet. s. lat., Lenzites warnieri Dur. & Mont., Podofomes trogii (Fr.) Pouzar, Buglossoporus pulvinus (Pers.) Donk and Incrustoporia nivea (Jungh.) Ryv. The list contains several species evidently recorded for the first time from Turkey or Iran.

Authors: Härkönen, Marja
Journal: Karstenia, Volume 17 (1977), Issue 1, pages 19-32.
Doi: https://doi.org/10.29203/ka.1977.121
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Abstract:  Bark from living trees was periodically collected from three localities in southern Finland: from an urban, air-polluted park, a virgin forest and a managed forest, representing similar boreal coniferous forest areas. In moist chambers 19 species of Myxomycetes appeared on the pieces of bark. Eight are new to Finland: Echinostelium minutum deBary, E. cribrarioides Alex., Perichaena chrysosperma (Currey) A. Lister, Stemonitis pallida Wingate, Comatricha elegans (Racid.) G. Lister, Paradiacheopsis fimbriata (G. Lister & Cran) Hertel, P. solitaria (Nann.-Brem.) Nann.-Brem., Physarum pusillum (Berk. & Curt.) G. Lister. Six species were abundant: Echinostelium minutum de Bary, Arcyria pomiformis (Leers) Rost., A. cinerea (Bull.) Pers., Comatricha nigra (Pers.) Schroet., Enerthenema papillatum (Pers.) Rost. and Paradiacheopsis fimbriata (G. Lister & Cran) Hertel.
Slime moulds appeared on bark with a wide range of pH, 2-9. Some species, e.g. Comatricha nigra, seemed to prefer an acid substrate, others, e.g. Arcyria cinerea, a less acid one. Among the common species the incubation time needed for fructifications to develop varied from a couple of days to over 40 days. Bark from the urban locality yielded many fructifications but of only six species. Paradiacheopsis fimbriata was very common and formed large colonies in places inhabited by the lichen Bacidia chlorococca (Stenh .) Lett., which is highly resistant to atmospheric pollution. Bark from the virgin forest produced fewer fructifications, but of many more species (16). Bark from the managed forest had few fructifications and few species (5). With the moist chamber culture method no phenological variation can be shown.

Authors: Roivanen, Heikki
Journal: Karstenia, Volume 17 (1977), Issue 1, pages 1-18.
Doi: https://doi.org/10.29203/ka.1977.120
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Abstract:  A list is given of 305 specimens (126 species) of ‘microfungi’ (Peronosporales, Uredinales, Ustilaginales, Ascomycetes, Fungi lmperfecti etc.) collected by the author between November 1969 and June 1970, mainly in southern Argentina and central Chile. The majority of species have cosmopolitan or bipolar distributions or are known to be typical and frequent in southern South America. Additions to the geographical distribution and notes on the abundance of infection are given for a considerable number of species insufficiently studied up to now. Many previous discoveries are confirmed, especially from the region of Ushuaia, Tierra del Fuego. The following new taxa are described: Peronospora ranunculi-peduncularis Roiv. on Ranunculus peduncularis Smith, P. ranunculi-peduncularis var. ranunculiminutiflori Roiv. on Ranunculus minutiflorus Smith, Urocystis permagna Roiv. on Poa cf. oligeria Steudel, Septaria gregoria Roiv. on Adesmia campestris (Rendle) Rowl., Phleospora aenigmatica Roiv. on Gentianella magellanica (Gaud.) Fabris ex D. M. Moore, Anthracoidea Ortegae Kukkonen on Carex Ortegae Phil., and Cintractia andina Kukkonen on Schoenus andinus (Phil.) Pfeiffer.

Authors: Kreula, Matti & Saarivirta, Maija & Karanko, Sirkka-Liisa
Journal: Karstenia, Volume 16 (1976), pages 10-14.
Doi: https://doi.org/10.29203/ka.1976.119
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Abstract:  The basic composition and the contents of amino acids and fatty acids and eight minerals of nine wild and two cultivated mushrooms were investigated. On a dry matter basis, the protein content of the mushrooms studied (Total N x 6.25) varied between 12 %and 31 %, the fat content between 1.2% and 8.9% and the ash content between 5.7% and 12.8 %. The amount of essential amino acids (excluding Try) varied between 2.6 % and 7.6% of the dry matter. The fat content of the mushrooms, which in fresh mushroom is 0.2 – 0.5 ·%, was on the average 4.5% of the dry material. The fatty acid composition resembled the general composition of vegetable fats, because there was plenty of oleic and linoleic acid. The mineral composition of the mushrooms studied was complex. It seems that they are good sources of Cu and fairly good sources of Zn as compared with other foodstuffs, provided that there are no remarkable differences in their availability.

Authors: Harmaja, Harri
Journal: Karstenia, Volume 16 (1976), pages 6-9.
Doi: https://doi.org/10.29203/ka.1976.118
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Abstract:  The spore surface was studied with the SEM in three species of Gyromitra Fr. subg. Gyromitra, viz. G. ambigua (Karst.) Harmaja, G. esculenta (Pers.) Fr. and G. infula (Fr.) Quél., and in two species of Gyromitra subg. Discina (Fr.) Harmaja, viz. G. gigas (Krombh.) Quél. and G. montana Harmaja. G. ambigua and G. esculenta have not been examined with the SEM before. The spores were found to be ornamented in all the species studied, having a fairly regular pattern with ridges running in different directions. The relief of the ornamentation varies with the species, being lowest in G. esculenta and highest in G. gigas. No differences in kind exist between the spore surfaces of the two subgenera, and the difference in degree is almost negligible between the ornamentation with the highest relief in subg. Gyromitra (in G. ambigua) and that with the lowest relief in subg. Discina (in G. montana). The difference between ‘smooth’ and rough spores can no longer be used as the basic generic character. Thus the present results justify the author’s earlier proposal that the genus Discina (Fr.) Fr. sensu Eckblad (i.e., including Maublancomyces Herter and Neogyromitra Imai) should be merged in Gyromitra.

Authors: Raudaskoski, Marjatta & Pohjola, Kalevi & Saarvanto, Irmeli
Journal: Karstenia, Volume 16 (1976), pages 1-5.
Doi: https://doi.org/10.29203/ka.1976.117
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Abstract:  “The mycelial growth of Gyromitra esculenta (Pers.) Fr. was studied on four different culture media, complete medium, Hagem’s medium, minimal medium and Czapek’s medium. The mycelium was found to grow best on complete medium. One strain was subsequently cultured on complete medium at temperatures ranging from 6 to 27° C. The optimum temperature for mycelial growth was 15-23° C. At 25° C and 27° C the vegetative growth was slower and some morphological changes were observed in the mycelium.
The mycelium started to grow within 24 hours after cold treatment of one two and three weeks at -4 C. After cold treatment of one, two and three weeks at -15° C and -25° C, no growth was observed within 24 hours. At -15° C the duration of the cold treatment was significant for the recovery of the mycelium; it clearly grew better after one than two or three weeks in cold. The same tendency was observable after cold treatment at -25° C.”

Authors: Mäkelä, Kaiho & Koponen, Hilkka
Journal: Karstenia, Volume 15 (1976), pages 56-63.
Doi: https://doi.org/10.29203/ka.1976.116
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Abstract:  Material of this study consists of c. 4650 grass samples gathered on leys, field borders, yard swards, and forest meadows and seashore throughout the country during 1966-1974. Collections of Department of Plant Pathology, and Botanical Museum, University of Helsinki, and Mr. Pentti Alanko’s herbarium were also examined.
Telimenella gangraena (Fr.) Petr. was found on 28 samples of six grass species: Deschampsia caespitosa (L.) PB., D. flexuosa (L .) Trin., Festuca rubra L., Melica nutans L., Poa alpina L., and P. nemoralis (L.), throughout the country (60°- 69°N, 19°- 29°E), being most common on D. flexuosa in North Finland.
Ripe perithecia of the fungus were found by the authors on two specimens of D. flexuosa (collected in Aug. 1973), just after keeping them in refrigerator for six months. Besides, mature perithecia were refound on F. rubra and D. caespitosa, collected by Karsten in 1866 and 1867 (in Herb. H) . Mature perithecia were found only in the specimens collected in early spring and late autumn.
Septogloeum oxysporum Bomm., Rouss. & Sacc. was found on 58 samples of 12 grass species: Agrostis tenuis Sibth., A. canina L., A. stolonifera L., Alopecurus pratensis L., Calamagrostis arundinacea (L.) Roth, C. epigeios (L.) Roth, C. lapponica (WG). Hartm., Deschampsia flexuosa (L.) Trin., Festuca pratensis Huds., Melica nutans L., Poa nemoralis L., and P. pratensis L. throughout the country (60°- 69°N, 22-31 °E), being most common on A. tenuis and C. arundinacea, occurring only accidentally on the other gransses. Conidia of the fungus were found to be most abundant in June and August. The both fungi are of negligible importance.

Authors: Koponen, Hilkka & Mäkelä, Kaiho
Journal: Karstenia, Volume 15 (1976), pages 46-55.
Doi: https://doi.org/10.29203/ka.1976.115
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Abstract:  Material of this study consists of c. 4650 grass samples gathered on leys, field borders, and forests throughout the country during 1966-1974. Collections of Department of Plant Pathology, and Botanical Museum, University of Helsinki, and Mr. Pentti Alanko’s herbarium were also examined.
Phyllachora graminis (Pers. ex Fries) Nke. was found on 26 samples of three grass species: Agropyron caninum (L.) PB., A. repens (L.) PB., and Pleum pratense L., being most common on A. caninum in South Finland.
P. silvatica Sacc. & Speg. was found on ten samples of Festuca ovina L., throughout the country.
Epichloë typhina (Pers.) Tul. was found on 96 samples of 15 grass species: Agrostis stolonifera L., A. tenuis Sibth., Anthoxanthum odoratum L., Avena pratensis L., Calamagrostis canescens (Web.) Roth, C. epigeios (L .) Roth, C. lapponica (Wg.) Hartm., C. neglecta (Ehrh.) G., M. & Sch., C. purpurea Trin., Dactylis glomerata L., Festuca rubra L., Phleum boehmeri Wib., P. pratense L., and Poa pratensis L., throughout the country, being most common on Dactylis glomerata and Phleum pratense in Ahvenanmaa and South Finland, besides on Calamagrostis species in North Finland.
Acrospermum graminum Lib. was found on 28 specimens of eight grass species: Agropyron repens, Calamagrostis epegeios, Dactylis glomerata, Deschampsia caespitosa (L .) PB., Festuca rubra, F. ovina, and Phleum pratense in southern Finland, being most common on A. repens.
All these fungi were found to be rare or accidental and infrequent, usually on wild grasses on field borders, and forests. All the fungi are of negligible importance.

Authors: Mäkelä, Kaiho & Koponen, Hilkka
Journal: Karstenia, Volume 15 (1976), pages 38-45.
Doi: https://doi.org/10.29203/ka.1976.114
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Abstract:  “Material of this study consists of c. 4650 grass samples gathered on leys, field borders and forests throughout the country during 1966-1974. Collections of Department of Plant Pathology, and Botanical Museum, University of Helsinki, and Mr. Pentti Alanko’s herbarium were also examined. Ovularia pusilla (Ung.) Sacc. et D. Sacc. was found on 29 samples of 11 grass species: Agrostis borealis Hartm., A. tenuis Sibth., Calamagrostis canescens (Web.) Roth, C. epigeios (L.) Roth, C. purpurea Trin., Cinna latifolia (Trevir.) Griseb., Deschampsia caespitosa (L.) PB., D. flexuosa (L.) Trin., Festuca rubra L., Hierochloii odorata (L.) PB., and Poa annua L., throughout the country, being most common on P. annua. Hadrotrichum virescens Sacc. et Roum. was found on nine specimens of four grass species: Agropyron repens (L.) PB., Agrostis stolonifera L., A. tenuis, and Poa Chaixii Vill. in some places as far as Lapland. Deightoniella arundinacea (Sacc.) Hugh. was found on three specimens of three grass species: Calamagrostis purpurea, Molinia coerulea (L.) Moench, and Phragmites communis Trin. in the neighbourhood of Helsinki. Discosia artocreas (Tode) Fr. was found on two specimens of two grass species: Lolium perenne L., and Melica nutans L. in Helsinki.
All these fungi were found to be accidental and infrequent, usually on wild grasses on field borders, and forests. All fungi are of negligible importance.”