Category Archives: Volume 12 1971

Mucor oblogisporus as a psychrophilic secondary sugar fungus

Authors: Hintikka, Veikko
Journal: Karstenia, Volume 12 (1971), pages 59-65.
Doi: https://doi.org/10.29203/ka.1971.75
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Abstract:  “A strain of Mucor oblongisporus Naumov was isolated from snow-covered litter in Ruotsinkylä experimentad forest near Helsinki, Finland.
Its temperature relations, maximum around 20°C, optimum approximatelly 10°C, growth still visible at 0°C, indicate it to be a psychrophilic species.
The species utilizes several oligosaccharides, a notable exception being sucrose, on which no sporangia are developed. When certain other fungi are present on sucrose media, sporangia are developed vigorously, which is considered to indicate that the species is able to utilize glucose and fructose hydrolyzed from sucrose by ocher fungi.
No growth is obtained on media in which the sole source of carbon is cellulose. When certain wood-decomposing white-rot fungi are present, sporangia are produced abundantly. The effect of the other fungus does not depend on vitamins, as addition of glucose or vitamin-free media immediately initiates vigorous growth on a cellulose medium.
The species is evidently able to disperse spores along an ice surface in thin films of water. When a sporangium touches a piece of ice at 0°C, spores are violently discharged along the water film and cradks in the ice. The sporangium makes a hole approximately 20 µ deep in the ice.
The concepts of psychrophilic and secondary sugar fungus are discussed.”

The effect of several sugars on the growth of Cladosporium herbarum and Trichothecium roseum

Authors: Kauppi, Kaija K. & Simola, Liisa Kaarina
Journal: Karstenia, Volume 12 (1971), pages 53-58.
Doi: https://doi.org/10.29203/ka.1971.74
Full text: PDF

Abstract:  The growth response of two fungi, Cladosporium herbarum (Link.) Fr. and Trichothecium roseum (Bull.) Link., was studied on six carbon sources at three concentrations. Sucrose proved to be the best carbohydrate source for Cladosporium, but Trichothecium could not use this compound for growth. Glucose, mannose and fructose were utilized almost equally well by C. herbarum. Glucose was the best carbohydrate for T. roseum, and mannose and fructose were also growth-promoting. Galactose and arabinose proved to be very weak carbon sources for both fungi. It seems evident that the carbohydrate composition of the nutrient medium must have a great effect on the growth of these fungi.

Tolerance of some wood-decomposing basidiomycetes to aromatic compounds related to lignin degradation

Authors: Hintikka, Veikko
Journal: Karstenia, Volume 12 (1971), pages 46-52.
Doi: https://doi.org/10.29203/ka.1971.73
Full text: PDF

Abstract:  The tolerance of 46 wood-decomposing Hymenomycetes to 23 phenolic and rehted aromatic compounds was investigated by adding the compoudns to Hagem agar after autoclaving and cooling it to 70-80°C, and measuring the radial growth on these substrates after 8-10 days (Table 1). Considerable differences in tolerance were found between the species. The most tolerant were brown-rot fungi, white-rot fungi being on the average more sensitive. When natural substrates of these fungi were treated with FeCl3 solution to reversal the presence of phenols, a positive reaction was generally obtained with the brown-rot, but not with the white-rot fungi. The results suggest that phenolic compounds may be important in the ecology of wood-decomposing fungi, e.g. in connection with the drying of wood.

Deposition of airborne fungal diaspores on specia agar plates in Finland 1967-1968

Authors: Kallio, Tauno
Journal: Karstenia, Volume 12 (1971), pages 36-45.
Doi: https://doi.org/10.29203/ka.1971.72
Full text: PDF

Abstract:  The deposition of fungal diaspores was invesltigated from samples collected mainly from airfields throughout Finland in the period from June 7, 1967 to May 29, 1968. The number of collonies which had grown from the diaspores after 10 days in the laboratory were counted from agar plates, but no attempt was made to identify the fungi. In 1968 samples were taken in three spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) stands of South Finland throughout 24 hour periods at weekly or fortnightly intervals. The correlation of diaspore deposition with weather elements was statistically analysed.

Some graminicolours species of Helminthosporium in Finland

Authors: Mäkelä, Kaiho
Journal: Karstenia, Volume 12 (1971), pages 5-35.
Doi: https://doi.org/10.29203/ka.1971.71
Full text: PDF

Abstract:  “This paper is pam of a larger study of the fungi causing leaf-spot diseases which affect the grasses on leys in Finland. The material examined consisted of grasses growing on cultivated grassland or the borders of fields. The fresh materiad (c. 3770 samples) was collected at Viik and the Muddusniemi Experiment Farm of Helsinki University, at Experiment Stations of the Agricultural Research Centre, the Plant Breeding Institute of Hankkija and in other Localities in sounthern Finland. In addition seeds of grasses (c. 160 lots) chiefly from the State Seed Testing Station (SSTS) and from the material (c. 40 lots) of the late Prof. Otto Valle’s experiments were investigated. The last mentioned lots of the Finnish seeds (Tammisto) were produced in the USA. This study is moreover based on artificial culture and inoculation tests.
The genus Helminthosporium Link has been found to be well-represented in Finland on various grasses. Descriptions of disease symptoms, morphological chracters and general significance are given for the following species. Helminthosporium dictyoides Drechs. f. sp. dictyoides Braverman & Graham, H. dictyoides Drechs. f. sp. perenne Braverman & Graham, H. phlei (Graham) Scharif, H. siccans Drechs., H. vagans Drechs., H. tritici-repentis (Died.) Diediake, H. sativum Pammell, King & Bakke, H. biforme Mason & Hughes, H. triseptatum Drechs., as well as Drechslera dactylidis Shoemalker. The most important and widespread species are H. phlei on Phleum pratense L., H. dictyoides f. sp. dictyoides on Festuca pratensis Huds., H. dictyoides f. sp. perenne and H. siccans on Lolium multiflorum Lam. and L. perenne L. as well as H. vapans on Poa pratensis L. H. tritici-repentis is at least locally common on Agropyron repens (L.) PB., whereas H. sativum, H. biforme and H. triseptatum were found only accidentally.”