Authors: Hintikka, Veikko
Journal: Karstenia, Volume 12 (1971), pages 46-52.
Doi: https://doi.org/10.29203/ka.1971.73
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Abstract:  The tolerance of 46 wood-decomposing Hymenomycetes to 23 phenolic and rehted aromatic compounds was investigated by adding the compoudns to Hagem agar after autoclaving and cooling it to 70-80°C, and measuring the radial growth on these substrates after 8-10 days (Table 1). Considerable differences in tolerance were found between the species. The most tolerant were brown-rot fungi, white-rot fungi being on the average more sensitive. When natural substrates of these fungi were treated with FeCl₃ solution to reversal the presence of phenols, a positive reaction was generally obtained with the brown-rot, but not with the white-rot fungi. The results suggest that phenolic compounds may be important in the ecology of wood-decomposing fungi, e.g. in connection with the drying of wood.

Authors: Kallio, Tauno
Journal: Karstenia, Volume 12 (1971), pages 36-45.
Doi: https://doi.org/10.29203/ka.1971.72
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Abstract:  The deposition of fungal diaspores was invesltigated from samples collected mainly from airfields throughout Finland in the period from June 7, 1967 to May 29, 1968. The number of collonies which had grown from the diaspores after 10 days in the laboratory were counted from agar plates, but no attempt was made to identify the fungi. In 1968 samples were taken in three spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) stands of South Finland throughout 24 hour periods at weekly or fortnightly intervals. The correlation of diaspore deposition with weather elements was statistically analysed.

Authors: Mäkelä, Kaiho
Journal: Karstenia, Volume 12 (1971), pages 5-35.
Doi: https://doi.org/10.29203/ka.1971.71
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Abstract:  “This paper is pam of a larger study of the fungi causing leaf-spot diseases which affect the grasses on leys in Finland. The material examined consisted of grasses growing on cultivated grassland or the borders of fields. The fresh materiad (c. 3770 samples) was collected at Viik and the Muddusniemi Experiment Farm of Helsinki University, at Experiment Stations of the Agricultural Research Centre, the Plant Breeding Institute of Hankkija and in other Localities in sounthern Finland. In addition seeds of grasses (c. 160 lots) chiefly from the State Seed Testing Station (SSTS) and from the material (c. 40 lots) of the late Prof. Otto Valle’s experiments were investigated. The last mentioned lots of the Finnish seeds (Tammisto) were produced in the USA. This study is moreover based on artificial culture and inoculation tests.
The genus Helminthosporium Link has been found to be well-represented in Finland on various grasses. Descriptions of disease symptoms, morphological chracters and general significance are given for the following species. Helminthosporium dictyoides Drechs. f. sp. dictyoides Braverman & Graham, H. dictyoides Drechs. f. sp. perenne Braverman & Graham, H. phlei (Graham) Scharif, H. siccans Drechs., H. vagans Drechs., H. tritici-repentis (Died.) Diediake, H. sativum Pammell, King & Bakke, H. biforme Mason & Hughes, H. triseptatum Drechs., as well as Drechslera dactylidis Shoemalker. The most important and widespread species are H. phlei on Phleum pratense L., H. dictyoides f. sp. dictyoides on Festuca pratensis Huds., H. dictyoides f. sp. perenne and H. siccans on Lolium multiflorum Lam. and L. perenne L. as well as H. vapans on Poa pratensis L. H. tritici-repentis is at least locally common on Agropyron repens (L.) PB., whereas H. sativum, H. biforme and H. triseptatum were found only accidentally.”

Authors: Kurkela, Timo
Journal: Karstenia, Volume 11 (1970), pages 41-45.
Doi: https://doi.org/10.29203/ka.1970.70
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Abstract: “Lachnellula willkommii, the cause of larch canker, and Lachnellula occidentalis on larch in Finland. Larch plantations, mainly in southern Finland, were surveyed to obtain information about the distribution of the larch canker fungus, Lachnellula willkommii (Hart.) Dennis and the related fungus, Lachnellula occidentalis (Hahn & Ayers) Dharne. Larix decidua and L. sibirica are the larches most frequently grown in Finland, and 86 per cent of the plantations included in the survey were stands of these species.
Larch canker was found to be common in southernmost and southwestern Finland. European larch was surveyed in 32 plantations, of which 22 were infected with L. willkommii. Siberian larch was infected in 20 of the 111 plantations included in the survey. Although the disease was present on Siberian larches, it was not very harmful in any locality, since the fungus had only caused cankers on weakened branches. All 3 plantations of American larches (L. laricina and L. occidentalis) that were examined proved to be infected. The East-Asiatic larches (L. gmelini and L. leptolepis) were relatively resistant. There were only 2 infected plantations among the 13 of the former species included in the survey and not one of the 7 plantations of the latter. In the literature there is one record of larch canker on L. leptolepis in Finland (HEIKINHEIMO 1956). Fig. 1 shows the distribution of Lachnellula willkommii on these different larch species in Finland. Lachnellula occidentalis was observed in most of the larch plantations examined, even in the north (Fig. 2).”

Authors: Harmaja, Harri
Journal: Karstenia, Volume 11 (1970), pages 35-40.
Doi: https://doi.org/10.29203/ka.1970.69
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Abstract:  The holotypes or type material of 17 species and one form described as Clitocybe (Fr.) Staude and one species described as Omphalina Quél. have been scrutinized. All but one of the taxon names treated in the study turned out to be synonyms and represent earlier described species of Clitocybe. One species proved to be a valid one, but belongs to Lepista (Fr.) W. G. Smith, so that the new combination Lepista subconnexa (Murr.) Harmaja is made.

Authors: Hintikka, Veikko
Journal: Karstenia, Volume 11 (1970), pages 33-34.
Doi: https://doi.org/10.29203/ka.1970.68
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Authors: Hintikka, Veikko
Journal: Karstenia, Volume 11 (1970), pages 28-32.
Doi: https://doi.org/10.29203/ka.1970.67
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Abstract:  The terpene tolerance of 16 species of Hymenomycetes occurring in nature in coniferous wood and that of 22 species growing in the wood of deciduous trees was studied by growing these on 1 % malt agar in closed desiccators into which measured amounts of the following terpenes were pipetted: α-pinene, β-pinene, limonene, camphene, or 3-carene. The corculation of the air within the desiccator was effected by means of a propeller. Most of the conifer species investigated were able to grow in the saturated atmospheres of these terpenes. In contrast, small amounts of terpenes already present in the air inhibited the growth of species occurring in the wood of deciduous trees. Judging from a survey of pertinent literature, the amount of terpenes in conifer wood is enough to saturate at least part of the atmosphere within living tree trunks. Evidently the terpenes in conifer wood have a selective effect on invading fungus populations through a “claustrogaseous effect” owing to the dense structure of the wood.

Authors: Hintikka, Veikko
Journal: Karstenia, Volume 11 (1970), pages 23-27.
Doi: https://doi.org/10.29203/ka.1970.66
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Abstract: The effect of carbon dioxide on the spore germination of 23 wooddecomposing Hymenomycetes was investigated by introducing 1 %, 5 %, and 20 % carbon dioxide – air mixtures into desiccators, in which spores were germinated on Hagem agar. Compared to ordinary air, low concentrations (1 % and 5 %) markedly stimulated the germination rate of several species. Species growing in living tree stems were stimulated most effectively (Spongipellis borealis, Polyporus squamosus, Pholiota aurivella and Fomitopsis annosa). Stimulation took place at different pH values and seems to be independent of the acidifying action of carbon dioxide. Ecological aspects of the stimulation are discussed.

Authors: Mäkelä, Kaiho
Journal: Karstenia, Volume 11 (1970), pages 5-22.
Doi: https://doi.org/10.29203/ka.1970.65
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Abstract: “This paper is part of a larger study the fungi of the leaf-spot dieseases which affcet the grasses on leys in Finland. The material examined consisted of grasses growing on cultivated grassland or the borders of fields. The material (c. 3650 samples) was collected at Viik and the Muddusniemi Experiment Farm of Helsinki University, at Experiment Stations of the Agricultural Research Centre and in other localities in southern Finland. Collections of the Plant Pathology Department of Helsinki University have also been examined.
The species Mastigosporium album Riess, M. rubricosum (Dearn & Barth.) Nannf., and M. deschampsiae Jerstad caused leaf-spot disease in certain grasses. The cleistothecium-like resting stage with inner spores was found in many localities in natural specimens of the species M. album and M. rubricosum.”

Authors: Hintikka, Veikko
Journal: Karstenia, Volume 10 (1969), pages 177-183.
Doi: https://doi.org/10.29203/ka.1969.64
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