Authors: Niemelä, Tuomo & Mrema, Frank Anderson
Journal: Karstenia, Volume 42 (2002), Issue 2, pages 49-66.
Doi: https://doi.org/10.29203/ka.2002.387
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Key words: Basidiomycetes, Newtonia, Phellinus, decay, East Africa, polypores, Usambara Mts, wood-rotting fungi

Abstract: Newtonia buchananii (Baker) G. Gilbert & Boutique is a leguminous tree (Mimosaceae), an emergent in African moist forests, having its main distribution in southern central and eastern Africa. The characteristics and ecology of the tree are outlined. In natural forests the old, large N. buchananii individuals badly suffer of stem cracks and butt rot, caused by various fungi. In this paper decay-causing poroid Basidiomycetes (polypores) are dealt with. A new species, Phellinus newtoniaeNiemelä & Mrema, is described from material collected in the Mazumbai Forest Reserve, West Usambara Mts., and the Amani Forest Reserve, East Usambara Mts., Tanzania. It produces perennial, finally large basidiocarps in gaps between the buttresses of old, living Newtonia buchananii trees, being a serious butt-rot and trunk-rot causing pathogen of its host. It belongs to the P. rimosus (Berk.) Pilát complex which is taxonomically difficult; related taxa are compared, e.g., Phellinus lloydii (Cleland) G. Cunn., P. fastuosus (Lév.) Ryvarden, P. merrillii (Murrill) Ryvarden and P. swieteniae (Murrill) S. Herrera & Bondartseva. Ganoderma boninensePat., Fibroporia gossypium (Speg.) Parmasto and Phellinus sublaevigatus (Cleland & Rodway) P.K. Buchanan & Ryvarden are reported as new to East Africa. Twelve polypore species are dealt with, belonging to the genera Phellinus, Ganoderma, Fibroporia, Microporus and Perenniporia. Statistical data of the spore size variation is given for most species. The other fungal groups appearing on living Newtonia trees are briefly discussed.

Authors: Sunhede, Stellan & Vasiliauskas, Rimvydas
Journal: Karstenia, Volume 42 (2002), Issue 1, pages 1-11.
Doi: https://doi.org/10.29203/ka.2002.380
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Key words: Biodiversity, decay pattern, ecology, forestry, Lithuania, Phellinus robustus, Quercus robur, vegetative incompatibility

Abstract: The biology of Phellinus robustus (P. Karst.) Bourdot & Galzin (Hymenochaetales) was studied on Quercus robur L. in Lithuania, based on 677 host trees. Basidiocarp occurrence related to the diameter of the oaks and spatial distribution of basidiocarps on the trees are presented. Distribution of decay in eight sectioned, 110 –175 year-old oaks showed one to three 0.1–5.8 m long, vertically separated rot columns. Vegetative compatibility tests indicated that each rot column was made up of a single genet of P. robustus and that the rot columns in the eight studied trees represented different genets. Infection routes, parasitic and saprotrophic behaviour, age of basidiocarps, forestry and biodiversity aspects are discussed. Illustrations show geographical distribution of the species in Lithuania, distribution of infected oaks in an old oak stand, frequency of infected trees related to diameter of the trunks, and distribution of decay in longitudinal and cross sections of trunks. Colour photos show distribution of white rot in the substrate, aerial mycelium on sectioned wood, and confrontation tests between cultivated mycelia of the same and different genets.

Authors: Ukkola, Tarja
Journal: Karstenia, Volume 42 (2002), Issue 1, pages 13-22.
Doi: https://doi.org/10.29203/ka.2002.381
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Abstract: The occurrence of myxomycetes was studied on fallen trunks of Picea abies, Pinus sylvestris, and Betula spp. (B. pendula and B. pubescens) in a small oldgrowth forest in southern Finland in May 1998 – September 1999. The study site is located in Luukkaa Recreation Area, and was left in pristine state in 1966. The sample trunks were chosen to represent different stages of decomposition and checked every second or fourth week in all for 17 times. A total of 325 myxomycete specimens representing 44 taxa in 16 genera were observed. Four taxa, Comatricha pulchella var.fusca, Lycogala exiguum, Licea cf. pusilla, and Physarum bethelii are new records to Finland. During the study, myxomycetes were most abundant on decomposing trunks of Betula spp. (123 specimens), especially on well-decayed trunks. The species diversity was about the same on all studied tree species: 27 taxa were recorded on P. abies and P. sylvestris, and 22 on Betula spp. The largest diversity was on two pine trunks with fairly soft wood (a total of 19 taxa). The common myxomycetes, Ceratiomyxa fruticulosa and Lycogala epidendrum, represent generalists in this study, being abundant and present at nearly all decay stages of all studied tree species. Leocarpus fragilis and Tubifera ferruginosa are examples of species that preferred well-decayed wood, and Stemonitopsis reticulata and S. typhina were found only on hard to fairly hard wood. The peak of the number of taxa and abundance of myxomycetes occurred from July through to September.

Authors: Harmaja, Harri
Journal: Karstenia, Volume 42 (2002), Issue 1, pages 23-25.
Doi: https://doi.org/10.29203/ka.2002.382
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Key words: Agaricales, arctic tundra, nomenclature, taxonomy

Abstract: Clitocybe polygonarum Laursen, O.K. Miller & H.E. Bigelow (Tricholomataceae) from arctic Alaska is transferred to Lepista (Fr.) W.G. Sm. as Lepista polygonarum(Laursen, O.K. Miller & H.E. Bigelow) Harmaja, comb. nov. The taxonomy of the species group that includes L. polygonarum is briefly discussed. The name Tricholoma multiforme has been incorrectly attributed to Romell as a new species. It is not synonymous with L. polygonarum. The nomenclature of Agaricus multiformis Schaeff. and Cortinarius multiformis Fr. is clarified. Mycena lammiensis Harmaja (Mycenaceae) is transferred to Prunulus Murrill, a segregate genus comprising species around M. pura (Pers. : Fr.) Kumm., as Prunulus lammiensis (Harmaja) Harmaja.

Authors: Harmaja, Harri
Journal: Karstenia, Volume 42 (2002), Issue 1, pages 27-28.
Doi: https://doi.org/10.29203/ka.2002.383
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Key words: ascospore wall, Caloscypha, carotenoids, chemotaxonomy, Geniculodendron pyriforme, phylogeny, seed parasite

Abstract: The new family Caloscyphaceae Harmaja is described for Caloscypha Boud. (Ascomycetes, Pezizales). The genus is monotypic, only comprising C. fulgens(Pers.: Fr.) Boud. Characters believed to be diagnostic of the family are treated, some of them being cited from the literature, others having been studied personally.

Authors: Granmo, Alfred & Mathiassen, Geir
Journal: Karstenia, Volume 41 (2001), Issue 2, pages 37-48.
Doi: https://doi.org/10.29203/ka.2001.378
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Key words: Albatrellus, Baltic region, distribution, ecology, Estonia, Europe, Fennoscandia, Finland, Norden, Norway, Sweden

Abstract: The immigration and establishment of Albatrellus syringae (Parmasto) Pouzar in Estonia, Finland, Sweden and Norway since it first appeared in 1901 is explained. The species is shown to be an example of a spontaneously expanding fungus in Fennoscandia, rising from anonymity in the first half of the 1900s to be annually recorded from new localities during the last three decades. It is now distributed in a majority of the provinces in each of the treated countries. Ecologically six different types of habitats have been recognized. In general the species profits by diverse ruderal sites, but is also found in undisturbed forest habitats. Its association with different woody species, including lilac (Syringa), appears purely accidental, and the fungus is stated to be a saprobe, perhaps also a root necrotroph. The history of dispersal of A. syringae in Fennoscandia and the Baltic region the past century is illustrated by distribution maps for consecutive periods.

Authors: Granmo, Alfred & Mathiassen, Geir
Journal: Karstenia, Volume 41 (2001), Issue 2, pages 49-54.
Doi: https://doi.org/10.29203/ka.2001.378
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Key words: Albatrellus, distribution, ecology, Europe, North America, taxonomy

Abstract: A detailed study of the closely related Albatrellus syringae (Parmasto) Pouzar and A. peckianus (Cke.) Niemelä revealed differences in anatomy, which, in addition to those already known, may be of help in species determination. Thus the cutis of the cap, and the tissue structures of the stipe, can help in a more secure discrimination. Both species are saprobic, and A. syringae probably also can act as a root necrotroph. Albatrellus syringae, an expanding taxon in North Europe since the 1960s, has also emerged in southern Europe, in the Russian Far East, and in northern and western North America. Albatrellus peckianus seems to be an American endemism, distributed within the North American hardwood forests including the Great Lake Region. Both species are mapped on a world scale. Some vouchers from other parts of the world, claimed to be of A. peckianus, did not possess the anatomical features specific to it. Although resembling A. peckianus, orA. syringae, they represent taxa unknown to us.

Authors: Alekhina, Irina & Psurtseva, Nadezhda & Yli-Mattila, Tapani
Journal: Karstenia, Volume 41 (2001), Issue 2, pages 55-63.
Doi: https://doi.org/10.29203/ka.2001.379
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Key words: Flammulina velutipes, Flammulina ononidis, Flammulina rossica, isozyne analysis

Abstract: Twenty-two dikaryotic Flammulina strains from different parts of Europe and the Far East were investigated using isozyme analysis. Clear isozyme polymorphism was detected in three enzymes, which differentiated the majority of Flammulinastrains from each other, except for two F. velutipes strains. In the NJ (Neighbor-Joining) analysis the Flammulina strains formed two main groups. Main group I included strains of F. velutipes while main group II included the strains of F. rossica/elastica along with F. ononidis and F. fennae. No clear correlation was found between the geographical origin and clustering of strains tested.

Authors: Niemelä, Tuomo & Penttilä, Reijo & Kinnunen, Juha & Miettinen, Otto & Lindgren, Mariko & Manninen, Olli & Turunen, Olli
Journal: Karstenia, Volume 41 (2001), Issue 1, pages 1-21.
Doi: https://doi.org/10.29203/ka.2001.373
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Key words: Aphyllophorales, Basidiomycetes, Finland, fungi, Karelia, old-growth forest, polypores, Russia

Abstract: Postia alni Niemelä & Vampola, spec. nova (Basidiomycetes, Aphyllophorales), is a narrow-spored relative of Postia caesia (Schrad. : Fr.) P. Karst., growing on broadleaved trees, e.g., alder and aspen. Skeletocutis friata Niemelä & Saarenoksa, nom. novum, will replace S. friabilis Niemelä & Saarenoksa, a homonym of S. friabilis (Corner) Quanten. The following combinations are proposed: Fibroporia norrlandica (Berglund & Ryvarden) Niemelä, comb. nova (Oligoporus norrlandicusBerglund & Ryvarden); Junghuhnia lacera (P. Karst.) Niemelä & Kinnunen, comb. nova (J. separabilima (Pouzar) Ryvarden). The following polypores are reported as new to Finland: F. norrlandica (also reported from France), Sistotrema dennisiiMalençon, Skeletocutis ochroalba Niemelä, and Postia mappa (Overh. & Lowe) M.J. Larsen & Lombard. Skeletocutis krawtzewii (Pilát) Kotl. & Pouzar is reported from eastern Leningrad Region, Russia; this is the second find of the species after its description from Siberia. Junghuhnia fimbriatella (Peck) Ryvarden was found in Leningrad Region; this is the first record in northern Europe. Skeletocutis borealisNiemelä and many other rare species are discussed, including new localities from Finland and/or NW Russia. Some of them are illustrated, and many species are supplied with detailed spore measurements. 143 polypore species were recorded and collected by the authors and their co-workers in virgin forests of Russian Karelia in wide sense; 12 of them are new to the area.

Authors: Martín, María P.
Journal: Karstenia, Volume 41 (2001), Issue 1, pages 23-24.
Doi: https://doi.org/10.29203/ka.2001.374
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Key words: Basidiomycotina, hypogeous, threatened fungi

Abstract: Rhizopogon abietis A. H. Smith and R. ochraceorubens A. H. Smith are recorded for the first time for Finland. Both species should be considered as threatened in Europe. New collections of R. roseolus (Corda) Th. Fr. have been studied.