Authors: Jalkanen, Risto & Laakso, Riitta
Journal: Karstenia, Volume 26 (1986), Issue 2, pages 49-56.
Doi: https://doi.org/10.29203/ka.1986.244
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Abstract:  The amount and role of Hendersonia acicola Tub. in the epidemic caused by Lophodermella sulcigena (Rostr.) v. Hohn. was followed on Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) in Finland. From year to year H. acicola increased on needles primarily infected by L. sulcigena up to the end of the Lophodermella epidemic. Hendersonia was first abundant in the lower crown, while the upper parts were nearly free of it. The increase of H. acicola prevented L. sulcigena from producing ascocarps and led to the recovery of the trees and stands. L. sulcigena could fruit only in those needles which were free of H. acicola in the autumn. The autumnal presence of H. acicola in the needles led to a natural control of the pathogen. Experiments with H. acicola showed that it is possible to develop biological control against L. sulcigena.

Authors: Harmaja, Harri
Journal: Karstenia, Volume 26 (1986), Issue 2, pages 41-48.
Doi: https://doi.org/10.29203/ka.1986.243
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Abstract:  The following new species of the Pezizales (Ascomycetes) are described: Gyromitra accumbens Harmaja (type from Switzerland), Gyromitra columbiana Harmaja (type from British Columbia), Gyromitra mcknighlii Harmaja (type from Yugoslavia), Leucoscypha ovilloides Harmaja (type from Finland), Peziza alcidis Harmaja (type from Finland}, Peziza kallioi Harmaja (type from Finland}, Peziza lohjaensis Harmaja (type from Finland), Peziza perparva Harmaja (type from Finland), Pseudombrophila maekinenii Harmaja (type from Finland), and Pseudombrophila obliquerimosa Harmaja (type from Finland). The following new combinations are made: Gyromitra fluciuans (Nyl.) Harmaja, Gyromitra geogenius (Donad.) Harmaja, Gyromitra microspora (Donad. & Boz.) Harmaja, Gyromitra parvispora (Trigaux) Harmaja, Otidea integra (Bres.) Harmaja, and Otidea unicisa (Peck) Harmaja. The nomenclature and typification of some species of Gyromitra Fr. are clarified. Otidea (Pers.) Bon. is amended so as to include rough-spored species. Gyromitra warnei (Peck) Harmaja is reported as new to Finland and Otidea integra as new to Sweden.

Authors: Erkkilä, Reijo & Niemelä, Tuomo
Journal: Karstenia, Volume 26 (1986), Issue 1, pages 1-40.
Doi: https://doi.org/10.29203/ka.1986.242
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Abstract:  The polypores of the Helsinki municipal area in South Finland were studied with regard to their microdistributions, host relationships, abundances and economic importance. Altogether 120 species are reported. Five site types were defined, ranging from urban to rural environments: parks proper, tree rows, park forests, forests proper and idle land areas. Distinct differences were found in the species compositions of urban environments (parks proper and tree rows), as compared with more natural wooded areas (park forests and forests proper). Polypores which prefer urban growth sites (the centric species) are southern in Finland (Fistulina hepatica Schaeff. : Fr., Laetiporus sulphureus (Bull.: Fr.) Murr., Spongipellis spumeus (Sow.: Fr.) Pat.) or have a scattered general distribution (Phaeolus schweinitzii (Fr.) Pat., Polyporus squamosus Huds.: Fr., Rigidoporus populinus (Schum.: Fr.) Pouz.). Species preferring rural environments (peripheral) are mostly the basic, common forest species of southern and central Finland. A third group of polypores (indifferent) occurs evenly in all environmental types, but often varies in pathological properties between areas: for instance, Bjerkandera adusta (Willd .: Fr.) Karst., Ganoderma lipsiense (Batsch) Atk. (G. applanatum) and Fomitiporia punctata (Karst.) Murr. are more readily parasitic when growing in the inner city. The mechanisms and reasons for the fungal infections in park trees are discussed, and some commoner polypores causing rot in park trees are studied more closely. The most harmful park-tree decaying polypores in Helsinki are Ganoderma lipsiense, Bjerkandera adusta, Inonotus obliquus (Pers.: Fr.) Pil. , Laetiporus sulphureus, Ochroporus igniarius (L.: Fr.) Schroet., Polyporus squamosus and Rigidoporus populinus.
The Helsinki municipal area is divided into 1-km2 squares and the distributions of 30 representative species are mapped accordingly. Some typical parks, forests and polypores are illustrated.
The delimitation and species of the genus Oligoporus are discussed. The following polypores are reported as new to Finland: Oligoporus cerifluus (Berk. & Curt.) Gilbertson & Ryv., Polyporus badius (Pers.) Schw. and Schizopora radula (Pers.: Fr.) Hallenb. The presence of Oligoporus balsameus (Peck) Gilbertson & Ryv. in Finland is confirmed.

Authors: Niemelä, Tuomo & Nordin, Ingvar
Journal: Karstenia, Volume 25 (1985), Issue 2, pages 75-80.
Doi: https://doi.org/10.29203/ka.1985.241
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Abstract:  Hypocreopsis lichenoides (Tode: Fr.) Seaver is reported as new to Finland, and the records from Norway, Denmark, Sweden and the adjacent U.S.S.R. are surveyed. The species seems to be expanding rapidly in southern Fennoscandia, especially Sweden: the reasons for this development are discussed. New records are published from northern Quebec and Labrador, Canada. The species is briefly redescribed and compared with the allied H. rhododendri Thaxter, plus six other species of the genus. The ecological properties are discussed and a host list presented. H. lichenoides grows predominantly on species of Salix, followed by Corylus avellana, Prunus padus and Frangula alnus. In all, 21 angiosperm hosts and 3 gymnosperms are listed.

Authors: Niemelä, Tuomo & Saarenoksa, Reima
Journal: Karstenia, Volume 25 (1985), Issue 2, pages 70-74.
Doi: https://doi.org/10.29203/ka.1985.240
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Abstract:  Dentipellis fragilis (Pers.: Fr.) Dank is reported from four localities in southern Finland. Two earlier Finnish records also exist and a record from the adjacent U.S.S.R. The species is briefly described, and its ecology and general distribution are reviewed. Steccherinum oreophilum Linds. & Gilb. is reported as new to Finland, and its known occurrence in Europe and North America is summarized. Distribution maps are presented and both species are illustrated. The delimitation of the genera lrpex, Steccherinum, Schizopora and Junghuhnia is considered to deserve a thorough revision.

Authors: Kotiranta, Heikki
Journal: Karstenia, Volume 25 (1985), Issue 2, pages 66-69.
Doi: https://doi.org/10.29203/ka.1985.239
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Abstract:  The polypore Physisporinus rivulosus (Berk. & Curt.) Ryv. is reported as new to Finland. It is better known as Poria albipellucida Baxter and widely distributed in North America. The Finnish specimen is from Pinus sylvestris L. Though P. rivulosus is the only known species of Physisporinus Karst. with clamp connections, it otherwise fits well with that genus. The macroscopical and microscopical characteristics of P. rivulosus are described and illustrated, and the taxonomy is briefly discussed.

Authors: Korhonen, Mauri & Ulvinen, Tauno
Journal: Karstenia, Volume 25 (1985), Issue 2, pages 62-65.
Doi: https://doi.org/10.29203/ka.1985.238
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Abstract:  A new milk-cap species, Lactarius hysginoides M. Korhonen & Ulvinen, is described and illustrated. It resembles L. hysginus (Fr.: Fr.) Fr., L. vietus (Fr.: Fr.) Fr., and L. moseri Harmaja, but the taste is mild and the latex remains unchanged, not turning grey. There are also some microscopical differences. The new species IS reported from Finland and Sweden. It seems to be widespread in the northern and mtddle boreal forests, usually growing in mesotrophic, moist, paludified woodland. Probable mycorrhizal partners are Picea abies and Betula.

Authors: Jalkanen, Risto
Journal: Karstenia, Volume 25 (1985), Issue 2, pages 53-61.
Doi: https://doi.org/10.29203/ka.1985.237
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Abstract:  Specimens of Lophodermella sulcigena (Rostr.) v. Hahn. have been collected in Finland since 1893, and known epidemics have occurred in the years 1921-1924, 1946-1953, and from 1976 to today. The disease is now much more harmful than earlier. The northern line of the main distribution of Lophodermella needle cast has moved from the latitudes 61°-62° in the 1950’s to the Artie Circle in the 1980’s. The most severe damage during the last epidemic was in 10-20-year-old even-aged Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) plantations, occurring on the best forest sites but especially in abandoned fields. There were only a few scattered infected trees in plantations on poor pine heaths. The average height of the infected stands was 2-5 m. The epidemic started first in southern Finland and spread to northern Finland in a few years. A reason for the susceptibility to L. sulcigena is the planting of pine in the best soils and fields. Hendersonia acicola Tub. occurred in Lophodermella needles a few years after the first infection, and seemed to finish the epidemic of Lophodermella needle cast. Two symptom types of Lophodermella needle cast are described according to the absence or presence of H. acicola in the needles infected primarily by L. sulcigena.

Authors: Sivanesan, A
Journal: Karstenia, Volume 25 (1985), Issue 2, pages 50-52.
Doi: https://doi.org/10.29203/ka.1985.236
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Abstract:  Venturia ribis Sivanesan, sp.nov. on Ribes alpinum L. from Finland is described and illustrated. No species of Venturia has been reported on Ribes so far. It is closely allied to the Venturia species in which the ascospores a re septate just above the middle. V. aesculi (H. Sydow) Sivan., V. corni E. Müller, V. frangulae Krieger and V. pruni Barr have similarly septate ascospores whose size also lie within close range of that of V. ribis. The differences between these species and that of V. ribis are given.

Authors: Harmaja, Harri
Journal: Karstenia, Volume 25 (1985), Issue 2, pages 47-49.
Doi: https://doi.org/10.29203/ka.1985.235
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Abstract: The new agaric species Lactarius moseri Harmaja is described on the basis of Finnish material, and is also reported from Sweden. L. moseri is a close relative of L. vietus (Fr.: Fr.) Fr. In recent years, it has been claimed that L. mammosus Fr. is the correct name for the fungus which is here described as L. moseri. The author, however, suggests that L. mammosus is the correct name for L. fuscus Roll., this conclusion agreeing with the interpretation of many other mycologists. The nomenclature of L. mammosus is clarified; the walls of the cystidia and pseudocystidia of L. mammosus are reported to be amyloid, which is a unique character m the genus.